Sarcocytis species are intracellular protozoan
parasites with an intermediate-definitive host life cycle
based on a prey-predator relationship. Asexual stages
develop in intermediate hosts after they ingest the
oocyst stage from definitive-host feces and terminate
with the formation of intramuscular cysts
(sacrocyst). Sarcocysts in meat eaten by a definitive
host initiate sexual stage in the intestine that terminate
in oocysts excreted in the feces. Humans serve
as the definitive host of Sarcocystis hominis and S.
suihominis, for which cattle and pigs are the intermediate
host, respectively. The former species are
acquired by eating undercooked beef or pork containing
infective stage organisms. The prevalence of
intestinal sarcocystosis in humans is low and is only
rarely associated with illness, except in volunteers
who ingest large number of sarcocyst. If humans act
as the intermediate host, myositis is the primary
syndrome. The spectrum of illness ranges from acute
self-limited infections to chronic, moderately severe
disease. Painful muscle swelling has been reported,
accompanied by erythema, muscle tenderness,
generalized muscle weakness and fever. Bronchospasm
has also been seen. Other reported
symptoms in clued cough, arthragia, transient
pruritic rashes, headache, malase, lymphadenopathy
and muscle wasting. Chronic cases can have
persistent or recurrent symptoms for up to seven
years. Many infections may be asymptomatic. When
Bull Chiang Mai Assoc Med Sci Vol. 40, No. 2 May 2007
110
humans serve as the definitive host, the clinical signs
may include fever, chills, sweating, diffuse abdominal
tenderness, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting. Eosinophilic
enteritis and rare cases of acute intestinal
obstruction have been reported. Intestinal
Sarcocystosis is transient and usually self-limited;
chronic enteritis has not been described. Many or
most cases are thought to be asymptomatic. The
asexual stages, including sarcocysts, can stimulate
a strong inflammatory response in cattle. Livestock
have suffered acute debilitating infections, resulting
in abortion and death or chronic infections with
failure to grow or thrive.1 In Thailand, six cases of
human enteritis associated with Sarcocystis sporocysts
were reported in Bangkok.2
Moreover, Sarcocystis
was identified in skeleton and cardiac muscle
of 15 autopsy specimens whose cause of death was
unknown.3
Because both cattle and buffalo are
human foods, this study aimed to survey the prevalence
of Sarcocystis spp. in bovine cardiac muscle
collected from four markets in Muang district,
Phitsanulok province.
Sarcocytis species are intracellular protozoanparasites with an intermediate-definitive host life cyclebased on a prey-predator relationship. Asexual stagesdevelop in intermediate hosts after they ingest theoocyst stage from definitive-host feces and terminatewith the formation of intramuscular cysts(sacrocyst). Sarcocysts in meat eaten by a definitivehost initiate sexual stage in the intestine that terminatein oocysts excreted in the feces. Humans serveas the definitive host of Sarcocystis hominis and S.suihominis, for which cattle and pigs are the intermediatehost, respectively. The former species areacquired by eating undercooked beef or pork containinginfective stage organisms. The prevalence ofintestinal sarcocystosis in humans is low and is onlyrarely associated with illness, except in volunteerswho ingest large number of sarcocyst. If humans actas the intermediate host, myositis is the primarysyndrome. The spectrum of illness ranges from acuteself-limited infections to chronic, moderately severedisease. Painful muscle swelling has been reported,accompanied by erythema, muscle tenderness,generalized muscle weakness and fever. Bronchospasmhas also been seen. Other reportedsymptoms in clued cough, arthragia, transientpruritic rashes, headache, malase, lymphadenopathyand muscle wasting. Chronic cases can havepersistent or recurrent symptoms for up to sevenyears. Many infections may be asymptomatic. WhenBull Chiang Mai Assoc Med Sci Vol. 40, No. 2 May 2007
110
humans serve as the definitive host, the clinical signs
may include fever, chills, sweating, diffuse abdominal
tenderness, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting. Eosinophilic
enteritis and rare cases of acute intestinal
obstruction have been reported. Intestinal
Sarcocystosis is transient and usually self-limited;
chronic enteritis has not been described. Many or
most cases are thought to be asymptomatic. The
asexual stages, including sarcocysts, can stimulate
a strong inflammatory response in cattle. Livestock
have suffered acute debilitating infections, resulting
in abortion and death or chronic infections with
failure to grow or thrive.1 In Thailand, six cases of
human enteritis associated with Sarcocystis sporocysts
were reported in Bangkok.2
Moreover, Sarcocystis
was identified in skeleton and cardiac muscle
of 15 autopsy specimens whose cause of death was
unknown.3
Because both cattle and buffalo are
human foods, this study aimed to survey the prevalence
of Sarcocystis spp. in bovine cardiac muscle
collected from four markets in Muang district,
Phitsanulok province.
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