All participants were participating in the Special Education Dual License Program. two groups of students were included in this preliminary analysis. the experimental group included students beginning the program in August 2005 and graduating in May 2007. this group consisted of twenty-four students for the pretest and twenty students for the posttest because four students were completing the program part-time. the control group consisted of eleven students who began the program in August 2004 and graduated in May 2006 - it should be noted that the students who took the test were volunteers from a larger class of twenty-two. Both groups followed the same intructors. the only difference between the curricula of the two groups was the integration of IL instruction into the coursework for the 2005-07 group. Demographic information on gender, age, and ethnicity for these groups is shown in table 3.