Probiotics are diverse and are usually isolated from the intestines of host animals [17,18], cultured
in diverse environments [19], and have been developed into commercial
products [20,21]. The beneficial microorganisms inside the
animal digestive tracts can be reinforced by probiotics. As a result,
the balance of strains is improved, which provides animals with
benefits such as disease resistance and the rapid enhancement of
metabolism and digestive and absorptive capacities [22]. In recent
years, the production and usage of probiotics, rather than antibiotics,
have undergone a dramatic growth in China. The application
of probiotics in aquaculture has been widely used as a means of
controlling disease, enhancing immune response, providing nutritional
and enzymatic contributions to the digestion of the host, and
improving water quality [15]. An ecological balance is attained by
providing proteins to animals, enhancing their immunity, preventing
aquatic animals from becoming ill, disintegrating organic
substances, purifying water, improving farming environment, and
supplying oxygen [23]. However, recent studies demonstrated that
the non-specific immune responses of larval fish, shrimps and
other invertebrates can be stimulated by the supplementation of
probiotics to the diet or to the culture water [24]. The colonization
rate of bacteria in the digestive tracts depended on the level of
bacteria in the feed, as reported.
The objective of the studywas to isolate spores-forming bacteria
strains from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of healthy white shrimp
L. vannamei based on the antimicrobial activities against ten common
aquatic pathogens [25e31]. This study also evaluated the
impact of the selected probiotics on the growth and immunity of
L. vannamei, the effectiveness of using the probiotics in aquaculture
diets and the benefit of using probiotics in farms and hatcheries for
fish or shrimp.