Publication Bias
The funnel plot revealed an apparent
asymmetry that suggested the presence
of a potential publication bias, a language
bias, inflated estimates by a flawed methodologic
design in smaller studies, and/or
a lack of publication of small trials with
opposite results (Fig. 6).
Incidence of Pneumonia
Six studies were included for safety
information (31–36). There was a substantial
variability in the reported risks of
pneumonia among individual treatment
arms, ranging from 3% to 18%. We found
no significant difference in the risk of
pneumonia between PPI and H2RA therapy.
The pooled risk difference of pneumonia
comparing PPI vs. H2RA in six
included studies was 0.00 (95% CI,
0.04 – 0.05; p .86; I
2 0%) (Fig. 7A).
ICU Mortality
ICU mortality rate was reported only
in three trials and ranged from 11.6% to
34.0%. The pooled risk difference of ICU
mortality comparing PPI vs. H2RA was
0.02 (95% CI, 0.04 – 0.08; p .50; I
2
0%) (Fig. 7B).
Publication BiasThe funnel plot revealed an apparentasymmetry that suggested the presenceof a potential publication bias, a languagebias, inflated estimates by a flawed methodologicdesign in smaller studies, and/ora lack of publication of small trials withopposite results (Fig. 6).Incidence of PneumoniaSix studies were included for safetyinformation (31–36). There was a substantialvariability in the reported risks ofpneumonia among individual treatmentarms, ranging from 3% to 18%. We foundno significant difference in the risk ofpneumonia between PPI and H2RA therapy.The pooled risk difference of pneumoniacomparing PPI vs. H2RA in sixincluded studies was 0.00 (95% CI,0.04 – 0.05; p .86; I2 0%) (Fig. 7A).ICU MortalityICU mortality rate was reported onlyin three trials and ranged from 11.6% to34.0%. The pooled risk difference of ICUmortality comparing PPI vs. H2RA was0.02 (95% CI, 0.04 – 0.08; p .50; I2 0%) (Fig. 7B).
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