1.2 Field applications
A large number of field applications have been carried out during the last 20 years. The
majority of the initial uses were in Japan, followed by applications in Europe and North
America. In North America, the popular applications are in rehabilitation of bridges to
improve earthquake resistance, repair and rehabilitation of parking structures,
strengthening of unreinforced walls, and rehabilitation of miscellaneous structures such
as tunnels, chimneys, and industrial structures such as liquid retaining tanks (ACI
Committee 440, 1996). Typical examples are shown in Figures 1.2 and 1.3.