This interlude was marked by a US occupation, a civil war, a division of the country into communist and anti-communist halves, establishment of a government with some nationalist and democratic credentials in the South, and then degeneration of this government under diverse pressures, leading up to a military coup. In spite of all of this social drama, when diverse historical legacies were simultaneously unleashed and when the future was anything but certain, how did South Korea under Park Chung-Hee end up resembling colonial Korea in its basic society-state outlines?