Muscle size depends on fiber number and fiber size. The number of fibers is usually set during development while their size continously adapts during the entire lifetime depending on activity, nutrition, diseases and aging. In the last decade myostatin has emerged as a key maintenance regulator of muscle mass. The role of myostatin in muscle comes from the phenotype of myostatin-deficient animals. Myostatin was first found to regulate muscle mass in mice from which the gene encoding myostatin has been knocked-out. The resulting “mighty mice” displayed muscle overgrowth due to both hyperplasia (increased number of muscle fibers) and hypertrophy (increased size of individual muscle fibers) [1]. These effects on muscle mass are persistent throughout the life of the animals. Subsequently, the fundamental role of myostatin in adult muscle homeostasis is demonstrated by the increased muscle mass of mice having a postnatal deletion of the myostatin gene or of adult mice injected with various inhibitors of myostatin [5, 29-31]. Therefore, myostatin appears to act at two major points during muscle development; at the level of fiber number during muscle embryogenesis and the level of fiber growth in the adult.