In Europe, Hansen and Lofstrom (2003) find a greater welfare dependency among
immigrants than natives in Sweden in the 1990s but that this diminishes with length of
stay. Sarvim€aki (2011) finds this to be true also of Finland. Bratsberg et al. (2010, 2014),
on the other hand, find that labour market performance declines and social insurance
dependency worsens over time for immigrants to Norway. Barrett and McCarthy (2008)
survey the evidence for a large number of countries and add evidence for Ireland and
the UK; basing identification of immigrants on nationality, they find that, in Ireland,
immigrants are less welfare-dependent than natives whereas, in the UK, immigrants
defined in terms of nationality are more likely to claim welfare but this is entirely due
to higher dependency rates of Irish citizens. Dustmann et al. (2010) show that
immigrants to the UK from EU accession countries after 2004 have lower levels of
benefit receipt than natives and Dustmann and Frattini (2014) extend this analysis to
immigrants from all sources since 2000, demonstrating again lower levels of benefit
receipt and use of social housing.
In Europe, Hansen and Lofstrom (2003) find a greater welfare dependency amongimmigrants than natives in Sweden in the 1990s but that this diminishes with length ofstay. Sarvim€aki (2011) finds this to be true also of Finland. Bratsberg et al. (2010, 2014),on the other hand, find that labour market performance declines and social insurancedependency worsens over time for immigrants to Norway. Barrett and McCarthy (2008)survey the evidence for a large number of countries and add evidence for Ireland andthe UK; basing identification of immigrants on nationality, they find that, in Ireland,immigrants are less welfare-dependent than natives whereas, in the UK, immigrantsdefined in terms of nationality are more likely to claim welfare but this is entirely dueto higher dependency rates of Irish citizens. Dustmann et al. (2010) show thatimmigrants to the UK from EU accession countries after 2004 have lower levels ofbenefit receipt than natives and Dustmann and Frattini (2014) extend this analysis toimmigrants from all sources since 2000, demonstrating again lower levels of benefitreceipt and use of social housing.
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