German geometer Bernhard Riemann uses the complex number theory to form the basis for most of the research in prime numbers for the next century.
German mathematician Georg Cantor begins his revolutionary work on set theory and the theory of the infinite and creates a whole new field of mathematical research.
Russian mathematician Sofya Kovalevskaya writes two papers on differential equations.
Greenwich, England, is chosen as the site where the world’s 24 time zones begin.
Russian mathematician Sofya Kovalevskaya receives an award for her paper on the problem of how saturn’s rings rotate the planet.
Germen American physicist and mathematician Albert Einstein writes five landmark papers that cover Brownian motion the photoelectric effect, and his theory of relativity. it was with relativity that he devised his famous formula, ‘’’’’’
Indian number theorist Srinivasa A. Ramanujan begins a five-year collaboration with English mathematician Godfrey Harold Hardy during which Ramanujan works on and solves many mathematical problems.
German algebraist Emmy Noether publishes her studies on abstract rings and ideal theory which become important in the development of modern algebra.
Austrian American mathematician Kurt Godel publishes a paper whose incompleteness theorem startles the mathematical community. It states that within any rigidly logical mathematical system there are proposistions that cannot be proved or disproved on the basis of the axioms within that system.
Hungarian number theorist Paul Erdos discovers a proof for Chebyshev’s theorem, which says that for each integer greater than one, there is always at least oneprime number between it and its double.
Chines American geometrist Shiing-Shen Chern begins working with French number theorist Elie-joseph Cartan on differential geometry.
American mathematician Claude E. Shannon arrives at a connection berween a computer’s relay circuit and Boolean algebra.
Engling algebraist and logician Alan Turing envisions an imaginary machine that would solve all computable problems and help prove the existence of undecidable mathematical statements.
American computer scientist Grace Hopper joins the U.S. Navy,with whom she serves for 43 years.
English algebrast and logician Alan Turing helps the World War 2 allies crack German codes.
Harvard scientists, including American computer scientist Grace Hopper, build the Mark 1,the
Hungarian American number theorist john von Neumann and Austrian American economist Oskar Morgenstren develop a mathematical theory of games that comes to be known as game theory.
Hungarian American number theorist John von Neumann presents the first description of the concept of a stored computer program.
African American statistician David Blackwell describes “sufficiency,” the process of simplifying a statistical problem by summarizing data.
The Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC), the first fully electronic computer, is invented.
American logician Norbert Wiener produces a landmark paper that marks the beginning of cybernetics.
University of Michigan students Evelyn Boyd Granville and Marjorie Lee Browne become the first African American women to receive Ph.D’s in mathematics.
American mathematician Claude E.Shannon formulates basic information theory, upon which much of today’s computer and communications technology is based.
Fifteen nations found the International Mathematical Union to promote cooperation among the world’s mathematicians and to more widely disseminate the results of mathematical research.
American mathematician Claude E. Shannon publishes his pioneering work on artificial intelligence.
African American mathematician Evelyn Boyd Granville begins working at IBM as a computer programmer.
The metric system is adopted by nearly every country in the world.
Polish-born Lithuanian mathematician Benoit B. Mandelbrot founds fractal geometry,a new branch of mathematics based on the study of the irregularities in nature.
English- born mathematician Andrew J .Wiles announces his proof of “Fermat’s last theorem”. His 200-page paper is the result of a seven-year study on a problem left unsolved by French number theorist Pierre de Fermat 325 years earlier. Over the years, many mathematicians had declared it unsolvadle.
English-born mathematician Andrew J. Wiles publishes a corrected, improved version of his proof of
“Fermat’s last theorem”.
The euro becomes legel tender throughout Europe, beginning a three-year transition to January I,2002, when the euro becomes common currency throughout most of Europe.