Studies regarding the effectiveness of TOEIC preparation on students’ improvement in scores were bleakly sparse (Robb & Ercanbrack, 1999).
In a study examining the effect of direct test preparation on the TOEIC
scores of Japanese university students, it was found that the improvements that students make in listening and
reading parts of TOEIC are different, with English majors making equal improvements in listening and reading
parts while non-majors progress more in reading than in listening (Robb & Ercanbrack, 1999).