Fixed acidity Acidity refers to the “fresh, tart and sour” attributes of a wine [2].
Volatile acidity Organic acids that are more volatile or more easily vaporized than fixed acid.
Citric acid One of the nonvolatile acid present in wine that can add “freshness” to wine.
Residual sugar Amount of sugar after the fermentation process.
Chlorides Amount of salt in the wine.
Free sulfur dioxide Amount of free form of S02 preventing microbial growth and the oxidation of wine.
Total sulfur dioxide Amount of free and bound forms of sulfur dioxide gas (S02).
Density density of water depending on the percent alcohol and sugar content.
pH level (0–14) of acidity or alkalinity of a solution. Most wines are between 3.3–3.7.
Sulphates A wine additive which can contribute to sulfur dioxide gas (S02) levels.
Alcohol Percent of alcohol content of the wine.