2.3. Warner–Bratzler shear force evaluation
Shear force of each steak was determined by using aWBSF analyzer (G-R Elec.Mfg., Manhattan, KS). Steakswere thawed for 18–24 h until a 2 to 5 °C internal temperature was reached. Steaks were cooked on a model S-143K Silex clamshell grill (Silex Grills Australia PTY. Ltd.,Marrickville, Australia), preheated to 225 °C. The grill was allowed to preheat for 45 min prior to cooking; each steak was cooked to an internal temperature of 71 °C. Steaks were then cooled for 24 h at 2 °C. Six 1.3-cm cores were removed (unless steak size limited number of cores) parallel to the muscle fiber from each steak and sheared once perpendicular to the muscle fibers. The values from the six cores from each steak were averaged to determine the overall shear force value for the steak for statistical analysis.