Roman law is the cornerstone of the legal system in the world today, especially the legal system Civil Law or Common Law legal system itself was partly influenced by Roman law as well. If you studied Roman law. It started from Meaning the initial It is generally known Roman law in the name of "Jus" which refers to the legal system as a whole. It is derived from justice. Or the rule of law (The Rule of Law), and under the rules, the three reasons
- to live with integrity
- not hurt anyone
- to compensate every reasonable that he should have been
and will be. Meaning over the word "Lex" which refers to a statutory law (Statute), which "Jus" can be divided into two categories:
1) Jus Publicum (Public Law) is a law whose content is related to the affairs of the Roman involved. the relationship between individuals and the state, which includes the following law is
- criminal law
- constitutional law
- the law on religious observance. (Ecclesiastical Law)
- Administrative Law
2) Jus Privatum (private law) is the law that have content related to benefits management between public and private organizations, including law follows is
- the law on family relations
- Law.
- inheritance law
- Property Law
Private Law Roman origin is
1. Jus Naturale is the law of the reasoning in the abstract. Or by the state of nature Which can be applied to all people and all countries that are considered of primary importance philosophically
second. Jus Civile other words, the law is the law or of Roman (Roman citizens) that is based on ancient traditions. And various statutory law (which usually comes out of style. Or principles of social farming is quite strict)
by Jus Civile, it can be classified into two forms:
2.1 Scriptum: Statute Law (Written Law), which includes
- Leges: a law proposed by the stewards to the public or Roman Comitia. centuriata (or often known as the Council of People)
- Lex: a law of nature is. "Plebiscitum" is racist laws issued by the "rabble" (Plebs) and will take the name of the proposed legislation. Which is usually a common suffix is legal. But this may be their legal Apichn (Patrician) be made. [This is due in Rome as the Romans that divide them, including two elite or Apichn (Patrician) and common (Plebeian or Plebs)]
by the law of that Lex has adopted several provisions. For instance, Lex AEbutia (law that comes out in about 300-100 BC is about new forms of litigation. Law is compatible with Leges Juliae to repeal the law legis actiones a law on judicial investigation traditional), Lex Aquilia (law came about 285 BC is about to claim damages from killing or. Right attack Or slaves of others To apply the Twelve Tables) or Lex Hortensia (about 286 BC, when the law is about to be contributed by both the common law. And the law of the Church without interference), etc.
- Plebiscita: a law that occurred from the pronunciation of the Roman people. And a valid residence without the consent of the Senate itself. (As a consequence of the adoption of legislation that Lex Hortensia)
- Senatus consulta: The decree of the Roman Senate (Senatus) has legal effect. Without the approval of the public anyhow. Which has replaced Leges and make changes to it. Constitutiones or Principum Placita eventually
- Constitutiones or Principum Placita: a law issued by the Roman emperor. Under the authority of law Lex regia (a law that gives legislative powers to the Roman emperor. It is because of Intent Or the wishes of the Emperor has legally binding) with three types:
1) Edicta: a law issued by the emperor. By virtue of Legislative And enforcement generally
2) Decreta: a case of the emperor's verdict. By virtue of the State Judicial
3) Epistole: the decision of the emperor, the matter was presented to the judge. Or may be in the form of answers to confer with the attorney asked. And will be in the form of a written opinion. Available to the public generally
4) Mandata: verdict or answer the discussion of the emperor. The individual state officials to
5) Rescripta: answer the discussion of the emperor. With the official judge. The recourse
- Magistratuum Edicta: a law enacted by. "Commissioner for Justice" (Praetor) in appearance. "Legal Management" (Jus honorarium)
- Responsa Prudentium: a law that came from. Responses of lawyers Or scholars who are knowledgeable about Roman law as well. And is generally accepted Which do not require a judge (Judex) but has the power to make comments. This is because although Judex is not required by any competent jurisdiction to hear comments from anyone. But practice lawyers advise that if a celebrity. He guided the emperor or listen Judex is likely to lead the review is used in each trial. The lawyers famous, often under the Law (School of Jurist) of the Bureau of the famous popular is that
1) The Proculians: Founded by Antistius Labeo (however named Bureau by Proculus lawyers later version. ) by Labeo that is supporting the Republican. And is the author of "Commentaries on the Twelve Tables"
2) The Sabinians: formation by Ateius Capito (however named Sabinus lawyers later version), which is the Palatine who serve loyally Imperial Emperor. The office has lawyers who are very famous one is "Gaius"
by both the Bureau was established during the Ottoman Empire. In the reign of Emperor Augustus (the range of about 27-14 BC) and ended in the first Emperor Justinian Union. The two schools also tend to have.