• Students produce complete and accurate lecture notes. Students who take accurate notes and study them later
consistently receive higher test scores than students who only listen to the lecture and read the text (Baker &
Lombardi, 1985; Carrier, 1983; Kierwa, 1987; Norton & Hartley, 1986). Inaccurate and incomplete lecture notes are
of limited value for subsequent study. GN help level the playing field between students with and without good
notetaking skills.