In 2009, global emissions of CO 2 as a result of fossil fuel combustion amounted to 29 Gt, an increase of 38% on 1990 levels (IEA, 2011).
Electricity generation (including central production of heat) accounted for more than 40% of global CO 2 emissions (Table 1.1).
Other industrial sources of CO 2 , such as major energy-using industries including steel and cement, also played a significant role (these are included in manufacturing industries in Table 1.1).
In addition oil refineries and other parts of the energy industry create significant emissions so that, in total, about half of CO 2 emissions come from large industrial sources.
The other half is produced by dispersed sources, such as buildings, or by mobile sources, such as road vehicles.