resident spawning aggregation. this type draws individuals from a relatively small and local area. the spawning site can be reached through a migration of a few hours or less, and often lies within the home range of the participating individuals. they usually 1 occur at a specific time of day over numerous days, 2 last only a few hours or less of the day, 3 occur daily during an often lengthy reproductive period of the year, and 4 can occur year-round. a single day's resident aggregation may represent only a fraction of the annual reproductive effort for participating individuals.