It is obvious that any discovery of novel microbes will have implications in virtually all of the standard processes of industrial microbiology because scale-up fermentation of the microbe will be necessary. Several reviews have discussed the products of endophytic microbes and their promise for use in medicine, agriculture and industry [4,6,7]. However, in order to give the reader a sense of the excitement of discovery that comes with research on rainforest microbes, I have concentrated this discussion on the discovery of only one novel endophytic fungal genus, Muscodor. This review discusses the systematic study of the production of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by Muscodor and the future for this endophytic fungal genus in agriculture, medicine and industry.