Table 2 summarizes the associations between dietary GI and GL and the incidence of diabetes. Not a dose–response elationship between the dietary GI and the risk
of diabetes, but a non-linear relationship was observed
among men; the odds ratio increased significantly to 1.29
in the third quartile but decreased to a non-significant
value in the fourth quartile. A similar risk pattern was observed
across the quartiles for dietary GL among men.
The dietary GI was significantly associated with the risk of
diabetes among women in the analysis adjusted for age
and study area, but the association was attenuated and no
longer significant after additional adjustments for multiple
factors. The dietary GL was significantly associated with
an increased risk of diabetes among women.
Table 3 summarizes the association between dietary
GI and the risk of diabetes stratified according to the
risk factors of diabetes. Dietary GI was significantly
associated with diabetes among men with a high intake
of total fat. Associations were also suggested among
women with a BMI of less than 25, a high level of physical
activity, and a high intake of total fat, although they
were not statistically significant.