completely informal and for the young farmers conducted in the evening at “ataya”2 bases where most young men and boys gather to enjoy their leisure time. The discussions with women especially house wives, were undertaken in the morning before starting their daily do mestic work. A total of 10 focus group discussions were carried out for each group.Discussions were also held with an American environmental engineering expatriate.Field observations were made on 20 farms to observe how farmers handled pesticides in the field. Five upland, five boliland, four inland valley swamps and six riverine farms were observed. Numbers were allocated to farmers who volunteered to have their farms visited. These numbers were balloted and selected numbers were chosen for field observation. The following activities were observed:
• Storage
• Handling
• Protection
• Preparation
• Application
• Surrounding activities (such as people working on the farm and adjacent farms, eating)
• Effects on pest and other life forms.Observations were noted in a field notebook, photographs were taken and the activities filmed.
2.3. Data analysis
The data was tested for normality using Shapiro Wilks normality test and normal Q-Q plots using SPSS. Since the results obtained proved that the data was not normally distributed, a Mann-Whitney test in SPSS for non-parametric data was used to compare the volume or mass of pesticide used on the farms of various sizes.
Data obtained from interviews were analysed using simple percentages, chi-squared (x2) test and bar chats. Ordinal symmetric measures were carried out using Kendall's tau-b tests and directional measures were carried out using the Somers'd test.To compare the health indicators captured by this research between farmers using pesticides and those not using pesticides, cross-tabulation and chi-squared (x2) tests were used.
completely informal and for the young farmers conducted in the evening at “ataya”2 bases where most young men and boys gather to enjoy their leisure time. The discussions with women especially house wives, were undertaken in the morning before starting their daily do mestic work. A total of 10 focus group discussions were carried out for each group.Discussions were also held with an American environmental engineering expatriate.Field observations were made on 20 farms to observe how farmers handled pesticides in the field. Five upland, five boliland, four inland valley swamps and six riverine farms were observed. Numbers were allocated to farmers who volunteered to have their farms visited. These numbers were balloted and selected numbers were chosen for field observation. The following activities were observed:• Storage• Handling• Protection• Preparation• Application• Surrounding activities (such as people working on the farm and adjacent farms, eating)• Effects on pest and other life forms.Observations were noted in a field notebook, photographs were taken and the activities filmed.2.3. Data analysisThe data was tested for normality using Shapiro Wilks normality test and normal Q-Q plots using SPSS. Since the results obtained proved that the data was not normally distributed, a Mann-Whitney test in SPSS for non-parametric data was used to compare the volume or mass of pesticide used on the farms of various sizes.ข้อมูลที่ได้จากการสัมภาษณ์ได้วิเคราะห์โดยใช้เปอร์เซ็นต์ง่าย (x2) แจงทดสอบ และบาร์แชท ลำดับสมมาตรมาตรการดำเนินการโดยใช้การทดสอบ b เต่า Kendall และทิศทางมาตรการดำเนินการโดยใช้ Somers จะทดสอบ การเปรียบเทียบตัวชี้วัดสุขภาพโดยงานวิจัยนี้ระหว่างเกษตรกรใช้ยาฆ่าแมลงและไม่ใช้ยาฆ่าแมลง ข้าม tabulation และแจง (x2) ถูกนำมาใช้ทดสอบ
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