The validity and durability of the study were based on the four key factors of acceptability, similarity, verifiability
and transmissibility. Acceptability means that the transcription of the interviews was acceptable to the participants.
In this study, the informed involvement of the participants, the member as well as peer checks of data, and constant
revisions in the process and analysis of interviews and data codification were taken into account. Moreover, the
content of the interviews, the extracted codes and subdivisions were discussed with a few participants and the PhD
graduates and their viewpoints were also considered. A combined method was used for data collection (individual
interviews as well as field notes and common locations, namely nursing and midwifery schools). In selecting the
participants, there was an attempt to consider a variety of groups, i.e. managers from different managerial levels
(low, middle and high), with different work experiences and responsibilities (Strubert & Carpenter,rpenter,bility of
the study werSalsali alAdib,dib,lie