The authors fear that one reason policy changes regarding the reporting of effect
size and CIs has been, and will continue to be, insufficient is that relevant knowledge is
lacking. According to Fidler et al. (2004), little is known about how and what
researchers think about utilizing CIs, or what misconceptions might be associated with
the use of CIs. There is little empirically based guidance about how to best present,
interpret, or discuss CIs. Although some reformers have claimed that CIs are easier to
teach and less frequently misinterpreted than NHST (e.g. Schmidt, 1996), these claims
are supported only by anecdotal evidence. Furthermore, the extent to which CIs can
replace NHST remains unclear (Cumming and Finch, 2001).