Some adult educators also may believe that instructional design, based on behavioral concepts of learning, is incompatible with their beliefs about adult education, adults, and learning. This objection is actually two arguments. First, instructional design is incompatible with certain outcomes in adult education. No particular outcomes, however, are advocated through the use of instructional design. Instructional design is a tool that educators employ to achieve a wide range of learning outcomes. Instructional design can help people learn facts, concepts, skills, and attitudes, and aid them in problem solving. The second argument is that instructional design, a behavioristic approach to structuring learning, is inconsistent with humanistic approaches to a education. When instructional design is used to manipulate learners without their knowledge or against their will, then this claim is true. When the rights of learners are respected and when learners engage in learning of their own free will, then the use of specific learning goals and objectives based on a thorough needs assessment-the key components of instructional design-can be compatible with humanistic outcomes.