Many academic and professional organizations, such as the American Psychological Association and the Association for Computing Machinery, sell subscriptions and individual access right to their journals and other publications online. Academic publishing has always been a difficult business in which to make a profit because the base of potential subscribers is so small. Even highly regarded academic journals might have fewer than 2000 subscribers. To break even, academic journals must often charge each subscriber hundreds or even thousands of dollars per year. Electronic publishing eliminates the high costs of paper, printing , and delivery , and makes dissemination of research results less expensive and more timely.