Identification of Barriers to Influenza Vaccination in Patients with
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Analysis of the 2012
Behavioral Risk Factors Surveillance System
Douglas J. Hsu, MD1 Crystal M. North, MD2 Sarah K. Brode, MD3 Bartolome R. Celli, MD4
Introduction: Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are at increased risk for influenza-
related morbidity and mortality. Influenza vaccination is known to decrease influenza incidence, severity,
hospitalizations, and mortality. Identification of barriers to influenza vaccination among patients with COPD may
aid in efforts to increase vaccination rates. This study aims to identify predictors of influenza vaccination in COPD
patients.
Methods: This study used data from the 2012 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). Participants with
self-reported COPD and receiving an influenza vaccination in the prior 12 months were identified. Independent
predictors of the exposure were identified by estimating a parsimonious logistic regression model of influenza
vaccination. All analyses were performed using weighted data.
Results: The final study sample consisted of 36,811 COPD participants, with 48.5% of COPD patients reporting
having been vaccinated and 51.5% reporting being unvaccinated. A total of 15 independent predictors of influenza
vaccination in COPD patients were identified. Negative predictors included predisposing factors (younger age,
male gender, household children, black or non-white/non-Hispanic/non-black race/ethnicity, lower education
level, heavy alcohol use, current tobacco use) and enabling factors that reflect access to medical care (insurance
status, ability to afford care, having a recent check-up). Positive predictors of influenza vaccination included need
factors (chronic comorbidities), being a military veteran, or being a former smoker.
Conclusions: This analysis identifies multiple predictors of influenza vaccination in persons with COPD.
Identification of at risk-groups provides the foundation for development of focused efforts to improve influenza
vaccination rates in patients with COPD.