Each treatment (IPM and non-IPM) consisted of 0.4 ha fields, totaling 10 ha per treatment, and all fields were within a distance of approximately 1 km. Each farmer's field consisted of 50 rows, approximately 50 m long. Rows were 45-50 cm apart and plants were spaced ~30 cm apart within rows. In the IPM treatment, there was a row planted to mustard (B. juncea) every 25 rows, to serve as a trap crop in the space between the paired rows of cauliflower. All fields were prepared by plowing 3-4 times prior to transplanting. Farmers in both treatment groups were advised to apply fertilizer at
120 kg/ha N, 60 kg/ha P, and 80 kg/ha K. Raised beds (~37.5 cm tall) were prepared for transplanting for both treatments.