There is a paucity of research into group therapy as a treatment for schizophrenics (Gonzalez de Chavez, Gutierrez, Ducaju, & Fraile, 2000); however, in a review of 40 controlled studies, Kanas (1985) concluded that group therapy was superior to a no group therapy condition in 70% of inpatient studies and 80% of outpatient studies (Smith, 1999).