Methods: We developed a stable aqueous solution of 15% L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and 1% -tocopherol
(vitamin E). We applied antioxidant or vehicle solutions to pig skin daily for 4 days. We irradiated (1-5�
minimal erythema dose) control-and antioxidant-treated skin using a solar simulator with a 295-nm
band-pass filter. On day 5, we measured antioxidant protection factor, erythema, sunburn cells, and
thymine dimers.