100 people with medial knee pain, radiographic medial compartment osteoarthritis and varus
malalignment will be recruited and randomly allocated to one of two 12-week exercise programs: quadriceps
strengthening or neuromuscular exercise. Each program will involve 14 supervised exercise sessions with a
physiotherapist plus four unsupervised sessions per week at home. The primary outcomes are medial knee load
during walking (the peak external knee adduction moment from 3D gait analysis), pain, and self-reported physical
function measured at baseline and immediately following the program. Secondary outcomes include the external
knee adduction moment angular impulse, electromyographic muscle activation patterns, knee and hip muscle
strength, balance, functional ability, and quality-of-life