The European Commission chief, Jean-Claude Juncker, has said he feels "betrayed" by the "egotism" shown by Greece in failed debt talks.
He said Greek proposals were "delayed" or "deliberately altered" but added the door was still open to talks.
Along with several other European leaders, he has urged a yes vote in the snap referendum called for Sunday.
Global stock markets saw big falls on Monday after the weekend's events which saw Greek banks close for a week.
Mr Juncker said the talks had been broken "unilaterally" by the announcement from the Greek Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras that he was calling a referendum.
The Greek government responded to Mr Juncker's comments by saying: "An essential element in indicating good faith and reliability in negotiations is sincerity."
Despite the public war of words a Greek official said Mr Tsipras had spoken to Mr Juncker on Friday and asked him to extend Greece's bailout until the referendum.
A critical deadline looms on Tuesday, when Greece is due to pay back €1.6bn to the International Monetary Fund - the same day the bailout expires. There are fears of a default and a possible exit from euro.
Mr Juncker said that he still believed a Greek exit from the euro was not an option and insisted that the creditors' latest proposal meant more social fairness.
German Chancellor Angela Merkel echoed those comments on Monday, saying Greece had received a "generous offer" but adding she would not be opposed to further talks with Greece after Sunday's vote.
German Economy Minister Sigmar Gabriel said Greek voters would effectively be deciding whether or not they wanted to stay in the eurozone, a view echoed by French President Francois Hollande and Italian Prime Minister Matteo Renzi.