Filipinos PRONUNCIATION: fih-lih-PE

Filipinos



PRONUNCIATION: fih-lih-PEE-nohz

LOCATION: Philippines

POPULATION: 66 million

LANGUAGE: Tagalog (national language); English; Cebuano; Ilocano; Hiligaynon (Ilongo); Bicolano; Waray-Waray; Pampango, and Pangasinan

RELIGION: Roman Catholicism; Philippine Independent Church; Iglesia ni Kristo (Church of Christ); Protestantism; Islam; animism

1 • INTRODUCTION


The Philippines is made up of thousands of islands with many distinct cultures. For three hundred years, the Philippines was a colony of Spain. Despite speaking several different languages, 90 percent of the population share a common way of life and practice Christianity. The remaining 10 percent consists of many small groups, none of whom are Christian.

As early as 40,000 years ago, the first modern humans roamed the Philippines, which were then still linked to Asia by land bridges exposed during the Ice Age. Agriculturalists arrived from Taiwan between 3000 and 2000 BC . Some of their children and grandchildren migrated to colonize Indonesia, Madagascar, and the Pacific Islands.

The Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan (c.1480–1521) first visited the islands in 1521 on behalf of Spain. Spain saw the islands as a good place to build a base, and sent several expeditions. The Spanish brought the Catholic religion to the people of the islands, and European ways that had both good and bad results. Islanders frequent revolted against Spanish abuses. On the other hand, Catholic Filipinos stood with the Spanish against invaders and their own rebellious brethren.

In 1896, members of a secret society launched a revolution to end Spanish rule. On June 12, 1898, Filipinos proclaimed their independence. The United States moved to take possession of the islands for their strategic value. A war resulted, dragging on for years and causing the death of an estimated one million Filipinos. American rule introduced mass education in the English language. Japanese invasion and occupation of the Philippines during World War II (1939–45) devastated the country. The United States granted the Philippines independence in 1946.

For the next forty-five years, the Philippines struggled to establish a democratic government. The election of President Fidel Ramos in 1992 brought the country some stability and launched a period of economic growth.

2 • LOCATION
The 7,000 islands (1,000 of which are inhabited) of the Philippines comprise a land area equal to that of Italy and a little larger than that of Arizona. If superimposed on the eastern United States, the islands would stretch east-west from New York City to Chicago and north-south from Massachusetts to Florida. There are eleven major islands: Luzon (more than one-third of the total land area); Mindoro; Palawan; Masbate; Panay; Negros; Cebu; Bohol; Leyte; Samar; and Mindanao (another one-third of the land area).

Mountains separated by narrow valleys dominate all the islands. Throughout the country, deforestation (cutting down of forest trees) has reduced the rainforest cover. This has encouraged erosion, which carries silt to the coastal areas and chokes the coral reefs.

The tropical climate is dominated by the monsoon cycle: from June to October the southwest monsoon carries torrential rains to most of the country; from November through February, the northeast monsoon brings warm, dry weather; and from March to May, easterly North Pacific tradewinds afflict the islands with a period of extreme heat and drought. Over twenty typhoons each year cause extreme havoc in the country.

Over 66 million people inhabit the Philippines. Population density is very high at 570 persons per square mile (220 persons per square kilometer). The population is growing at a rapid rate, due in part to Catholic opposition to the use of birth control. The country's economic difficulties have pushed many people to emigrate in search of work.

3 • LANGUAGE
Some seventy languages are spoken in the Philippines. The five languages with the greatest number of speakers are:

Tagalog, the basis of Pilipino/Filipino, the national language, spoken by a quarter of the total Filipino population, concentrated in Manila;

Cebuano, spoken by another quarter of the population inhabiting the islands of Cebu, Bohol, southern Leyte, western Negros, and the northern and eastern coasts of Mindanao;

Ilocano, whose speakers comprise about 11 percent of the population found throughout northern Luzon;

Hiligaynon (or Ilongo), spoken by 10 percent of the population on Panay, eastern Negros, and southern Mindoro;

Bicolano, whose speakers represent almost 7 percent of the population and inhabit the long southeastern "tail" of Luzon.

After conquering the country (in 1898), the Americans introduced English as the language of government and education. In 1937, the government decided to promote the use of Tagalog as the national language. It is now called "Pilipino" by most people, although some other ethnic groups resist using that name. Tagalog-Pilipin

ผลลัพธ์ (ไทย) 1:

Filipinos PRONUNCIATION: fih-lih-PEE-nohzLOCATION: PhilippinesPOPULATION: 66 millionLANGUAGE: Tagalog (national language); English; Cebuano; Ilocano; Hiligaynon (Ilongo); Bicolano; Waray-Waray; Pampango, and PangasinanRELIGION: Roman Catholicism; Philippine Independent Church; Iglesia ni Kristo (Church of Christ); Protestantism; Islam; animism1 • INTRODUCTION The Philippines is made up of thousands of islands with many distinct cultures. For three hundred years, the Philippines was a colony of Spain. Despite speaking several different languages, 90 percent of the population share a common way of life and practice Christianity. The remaining 10 percent consists of many small groups, none of whom are Christian.As early as 40,000 years ago, the first modern humans roamed the Philippines, which were then still linked to Asia by land bridges exposed during the Ice Age. Agriculturalists arrived from Taiwan between 3000 and 2000 BC . Some of their children and grandchildren migrated to colonize Indonesia, Madagascar, and the Pacific Islands.The Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan (c.1480–1521) first visited the islands in 1521 on behalf of Spain. Spain saw the islands as a good place to build a base, and sent several expeditions. The Spanish brought the Catholic religion to the people of the islands, and European ways that had both good and bad results. Islanders frequent revolted against Spanish abuses. On the other hand, Catholic Filipinos stood with the Spanish against invaders and their own rebellious brethren.ใน 1896 สมาชิกของสมาคมเปิดตัวการปฏิวัติการปกครองของสเปนสิ้นสุด บน 12 มิถุนายน 1898 ฟิลิปปินส์ประกาศอิสรภาพ ไทยย้ายที่จะครอบครองเกาะเพื่อคุณค่าเชิงกลยุทธ์ของพวกเขา ผลสงคราม ลากบนปี และสาเหตุการตายของฟิลิปปินส์เป็นหนึ่งล้านโดยประมาณ กฎอเมริกันแนะนำการศึกษาโดยรวมในภาษาอังกฤษ ญี่ปุ่นรุกรานและยึดครองของฟิลิปปินส์ระหว่างสงครามโลกครั้งที่สอง (1939 – 45) ทำลายประเทศ สหรัฐอเมริกาได้รับเอกราชฟิลิปปินส์ในปี 1946สี่สิบห้าปี ฟิลิปปินส์พยายามที่จะสร้างรัฐบาลประชาธิปไตย การเลือกตั้งประธานาธิบดี Fidel ฟิตในปี 1992 นำประเทศความมั่นคงบางส่วน และเปิดระยะเติบโตทางเศรษฐกิจ2 •ที่ตั้งเกาะ 7,000 (1,000 ซึ่งเป็นที่อยู่อาศัย) ของฟิลิปปินส์ประกอบด้วยพื้นที่เท่ากับของอิตาลี และเล็กน้อยมากกว่าที่อริโซนา หากซ้อนทับบนไทยภาคตะวันออก หมู่เกาะจะยืดตะวันออกตะวันตกจากนิวยอร์กไปชิคาโก และเหนือ-ใต้จากแมซไปฟลอริดา มีหมู่เกาะหลักสิบเอ็ด: ลูซอน (มากกว่าหนึ่งในสามของพื้นที่ทั้งหมด); มินโดโร พาลาวัน Masbate เขาปาเนย์ เนกรอส เซบูซิตี้ โบโฮล เลเต ซามาร์ และมินดาเนา (อีกหนึ่งในสามของพื้นที่ที่ดิน)ภูเขาคั่น ด้วยหุบเขาแคบครองทุกเกาะ ทั่วประเทศ ตัดไม้ทำลายป่า (ตัดลงต้นไม้ป่า) ได้ลดลงปกป่า นี้เป็นกำลังใจให้พังทลาย ซึ่งมีตะกอนพื้นที่ชายฝั่ง และปะการังฉายาThe tropical climate is dominated by the monsoon cycle: from June to October the southwest monsoon carries torrential rains to most of the country; from November through February, the northeast monsoon brings warm, dry weather; and from March to May, easterly North Pacific tradewinds afflict the islands with a period of extreme heat and drought. Over twenty typhoons each year cause extreme havoc in the country.Over 66 million people inhabit the Philippines. Population density is very high at 570 persons per square mile (220 persons per square kilometer). The population is growing at a rapid rate, due in part to Catholic opposition to the use of birth control. The country's economic difficulties have pushed many people to emigrate in search of work.3 • LANGUAGESome seventy languages are spoken in the Philippines. The five languages with the greatest number of speakers are:Tagalog, the basis of Pilipino/Filipino, the national language, spoken by a quarter of the total Filipino population, concentrated in Manila;Cebuano, spoken by another quarter of the population inhabiting the islands of Cebu, Bohol, southern Leyte, western Negros, and the northern and eastern coasts of Mindanao;Ilocano, whose speakers comprise about 11 percent of the population found throughout northern Luzon;Hiligaynon (or Ilongo), spoken by 10 percent of the population on Panay, eastern Negros, and southern Mindoro;Bicolano, whose speakers represent almost 7 percent of the population and inhabit the long southeastern "tail" of Luzon.After conquering the country (in 1898), the Americans introduced English as the language of government and education. In 1937, the government decided to promote the use of Tagalog as the national language. It is now called "Pilipino" by most people, although some other ethnic groups resist using that name. Tagalog-Pilipin