CROWN- where the tree increases each year in height and spread of branches by adding on a new growth of twigs.
Heartwood- the supporting column of inactive (dead) gap-wood which gives the trunk strength and stiffness.
Sapwood (xylem)- new layers of wood that transports water and nutrients from roots to the leaves.
Cambium- microscopic layer of cells where growth takes place.
Inner bark (phloem)- carries food made in leaves down to the branches, trunk and roots.
Outer bark- hold in moisture and protects the tree from insects and disease, excessive heat and cold, and mechanical injury.
FOREST ECOLOGY
Meaning that every organism depends on every other living and nonliving element of the system.
Living components of the forest = producers (able to make food), consumers (eats other producers and consumers), and decomposers (break down organic material).
Non-living components = soil, water and climate.
Tundra
Taiga
Desert
Temperate deciduous forest
Temperate rain forest
Tropical rain forest, and grassland