widening participation in the project gradually to include others affected
by the practice, and maintaining collaborative control of the process.
Some of the work that now passes for action research in education
does not meet these criteria. Some will develop towards meeting all of
the requirements; some will be ‘arrested’ action research and falter
before completing its development. Still other work will fail to meet
these requirements and cannot seriously lay claim to the title ‘action
research’ at all.