The effectiveness of pepper anther culture is still low, which a ects the application of DH lines in breeding programs. A detailed study of the anther culture process will produce a deeper understanding of the mechanisms that underlie the switch from gametophyte to sporophyte during embryo development. In this respect, the genes expressed during microspore embryogenesis and those that control the cellular response to stress have a key role. is review provides information about the control of embryo formation together with the features of practical application of pepper anther culture.