2.6.2 On-the-job training methods
The purpose of the on-the-job training session is to provide employee with task-specific knowledge
and skills in work area. The knowledge and skills presented during on-the-job are directly related to
job requirements. Job instruction technique, job rotation, coaching and apprenticeship training are the
common forms of on-the job training methods. Job Instruction Training is a structured approach to
training, which requires trainees to proceed through a series of steps in sequential pattern. The
technique uses behavioural strategy with a focus on skill development, but there are usually some
factual and procedural knowledge objectives as well. This type of training is good for task oriented
duties such as operating equipment. The instructor or supervisor prepares a job breakdown on the job,
while watching an experienced worker perform each step of the job. Job instruction technique consists
of four steps, preparation, present, try out and follow up (Blandchard and Thacker, 1999). Job Rotation
is the systematic movement of employees from job to job or project to project within an organization,
as a way to achieve various different human resources objectives such as: simply staffing jobs,
orienting new employees, preventing job boredom or burnout, rewarding employees, enhancing career
development, exposing employees to diverse environments (Woods, 1995). Excellent job rotation
program can decrease the training costs while increases the impact of training, because job rotation is a
hand on experience. Job rotation makes individuals more self-motivated, flexible, adaptable,
innovative, eager to learn and able to communicate effectively. One of the possible problems with the
rotation programs is the cost, because job rotation increases the amount of management time to spend
on lower level employees. It may increase the workload and decrease the productivity for the rotating
employee’s manager and for other employees. Job rotation may be especially valuable for
organizations that require firm-specific skills because it provides an incentive to organizations to
promote from within (Jerris, 1999). Coaching is the process of one-on-one guidance and instruction to
improve knowledge, skills and work performance. Coaching is becoming a very popular means of
development, and often includes working one-on-one with the learner to conduct a needs assessment,
set major goals to accomplish, develop an action plan, and support the learner to accomplish the plan.
The learner drives these activities and the coach provides continuing feedback and support (DOE