which provide the basis for prioritizing interventions in the often complex and large-scale environmental and social challenges related to legacy and artisanal mining. The data collected as part of the ISS provide the basis for more detailed estimation of the health risks and impacts associated with the mining sites. The ISS methodology, based on the existing US EPA HRS, provides a scientifically sound and analytically robust basis for making explicit the health risks and for identifying the benefits of different possible interventions.