The
article is structured as follows. We begin by outlining the
regional
context. Next, we introduce the globalisation debate
among
industrial relations scholars, developing our research
question
and explaining our method. Next, we examine the
Central
Asian unions and their relations with the GUFs, with
special
reference to Kazakhstan. We then discuss the 2011 revolt in
the
oil and gas industry and the unions’ role in it. We conclude by
revisiting
our research question and crystallising our contribution
to
the debate on the role of GUFs and national unions in relation to
TNCs.