However, we cannot credit our taste buds alone for our sense of taste. In order to give us the full flavor of a particular food, the nose plays a major role. While the food is being chewed, the process releases chemicals that immediately travel up into the nose. These chemicals trigger the olfactory receptors inside the nose, which work together with the taste buds to create the flavor of the food we eat: the taste buds and nose both send messages to the brain to give food its flavor.
When you have a cold and your nose is blocked, you will notice that your food does not seem to have much flavor. That is because the upper part of the nose is not clear to receive the chemicals that trigger the olfactory receptors and send messages to the brain. Try holding your nose the next time you eat something. You will notice that your taste buds are able to tell your brain something about what you are eating---that it is sweet, for instance---but you will not be able to pick the exact flavor until you let go of your nose.
Additional facts about taste
Most insects use their mouths to taste flavors just as we humans do. But some insects can use other parts of their bodies to taste, too. For example, a butterfly tastes food with its mouth and its feet. Ants can taste food with their mouths and with their antennae.
In addition to the top of their tongue, humans also have a few taste buds on the lips (especially salt-sensitive ones), the inside of the cheeks, the underside of the tongue, the roof of the mouth, and the back of the throat.
The sensation of taste, like all sensations, resides in the brain. But the interesting thing about a taste bud is that its location in the mouth determines how something will taste. Different areas of the tongue respond to different taste--bitter, sour, salty, sweet. See the diagram below.
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