Accordingly, the rank of an official was always measured according to
the number of households {tjatjah) under his jurisdiction (Moertono 1963: 89). In 1641,
upon the appointment of new local chieftains in Bandung, Pracanmuntjang, and Succapura
in the Priangan highlands of West Java, Sultan Agung (r. 1613-46) of Mataram kingdom in
Central Java presented them with certificates which contained no information on
administrative boundaries except the number of households {tjatjah) (Tanaka 1969: 204).
Under forced cultivation, peasants escaped from compulsory labor by fleeing to areas
where the forced cultivation system was not yet fully enforced. With land abundant and
Accordingly, the rank of an official was always measured according to the number of households {tjatjah) under his jurisdiction (Moertono 1963: 89). In 1641, upon the appointment of new local chieftains in Bandung, Pracanmuntjang, and Succapura in the Priangan highlands of West Java, Sultan Agung (r. 1613-46) of Mataram kingdom in Central Java presented them with certificates which contained no information on administrative boundaries except the number of households {tjatjah) (Tanaka 1969: 204). Under forced cultivation, peasants escaped from compulsory labor by fleeing to areas where the forced cultivation system was not yet fully enforced. With land abundant and
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..