This paper explores the scope and options for urban LEDS in Asia by
examining opportunities for low carbon development in three cities:
Kolkata in India, Palembang in Indonesia and Johor Bahru in Malaysia.
These case study cities are not necessarily representative — they were
selected as they have been the focus of in-depth studies by the authors
on the economic case for low carbon investment — but understanding
trends and opportunities in these cities can generate insights that
have a wider relevance, particularly for other cities that are in comparable
development contexts or that are facing similar governance
challenges within Asia. Key data for the three cities are provided in
Table 1.