This study has focused on the effect of traditional and alternative parboiling processes on fatty acids and bioactive compounds of glutinous rice (variety RD-6). The changes in these components depended on the type of processing conditions. Parboiling processes significantly increased the concentrations of γ-oryzanol and total phenolic acid in glutinous rice. In general, parboiling processes decreased the concentrations of vitamin E homologs and PUFA, especially linoleic acid (C18:2), an essential n-6 fatty acid. However, the SFA and MUFA (oleic acid) of parboiled glutinous rice were increased after hydrothermal processes. The new parboiling process gave better results for glutinous parboiled rice in terms of improving γ-oryzanol, α-tocotrienol and total phenolic acid content. The results suggest that rice from the new parboiling process can be a good dietary source of bioactive compounds; however, the parboiling process should be optimized to minimize the loss of PUFA, α- and γ- tocopherol. Additionally, these nutrients and bioactive components may be varied depending on the dehulling process, variety, cooking method and cultivation condition. These data will provide the nutritional basis for improving the parboiling process, leading to fundamental importance for the application of different technological processes and providing more information to the consumer.