Extensive research is underway to find more economically feasible alternatives for carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS). However, until financially and environmentally sustainable alternatives are in use, the byproducts of pulverized coalbased power generation (conventional) will be an issue for decades to come. A successful CO2 mitigation process presently lies in private-public strategy that combines existing power plants (revamped to capture, geologically store and/or enhance oil recovery), and new ones using more advanced coal power generation technologies like the Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC).