Figure 29.1 shows a categorization of BE according to the speakers involved in each type of interaction. The innermost circle includes native speakers of the same variety of BE (NS1+NS1). The second circle includes ESL speakers of the same variety of BE (ESL1 + ESL1) where English is being used as a BELF. The third circle includes native speakers of different varieties of BE (NS1 + NS2) and the fourth circle includes ESL and/or EFL speakers who do not share the same variety of BE , where English is again being used as a BELF. The fifth and final circle refers to interactions between NS, ESL and/or EFL speakers, where English is being used as an IBE. In Kachru’s terminology, the first and third BE circles involve only inner circle speakers, the second BE circle involves speakers from the same outer circle country, the fourth circle involves speakers from different countries in the outer and/or expanding circles, and the fifth BE circle involves speakers from inner circle countries in interaction with speakers from the outer and/or expanding circles. I have ordered them in this way to try to capture the increase in complexity in the interaction from the inside to the outside of the five BE circles, as a consequence of the increase in number of the different varieties of BE that are being used,as well as the increase in the number of the different national cultures that each group of speakers represents. In the rest of this section I will selectively review a number of studies from around the word that represent some of the work that has been done recently on IBE and BELF, with particular reference to the countries in the expanding circle.