summarizes evidence from some recent and some influential papers, and also gives a preview of results in
Section 5 of this paper. Note that while the papers cited in the table define entrepreneurs or the self-employed in slightly
different ways, their results are comparable because all definitions have one key element in common: entrepreneurs are
residual claimants. (See the note to the table for details on definitions.) Moreover, in all sources the self-employed can
have employees. Since the term ‘‘self-employed’’ does not convey this well, I refer to them as entrepreneurs throughout
the paper.
The table