In addition to the Banggai Archipelago, P. kauderni is found in
Luwuk, Central Sulawesi. This population is restricted within the
harbor, which is about 1.2 km in length by 0.5 km and opens to the
ocean through a passage of about 150 m. Besides from being restricted
to a very small area, this population is exposed to high levels
of pollution, including regular fuel spills, fresh water and sewage
discharges. Although both north and south coastlines have suitable
habitats with adequate substrates, and environmental conditions far
better than within the Luwuk harbor, no population was found from
Luwuk to Botok (68 km to the north, including Lamala Bay), and from
the harbor to Luk (46.5 km to the south). The Luwuk population is
therefore isolated from the populations inhabiting the Banggai
Archipelago. The closest population is localized in Patikaman (southcentral
Peleng) at about 120 km, and separated by the Peleng Strait with
strong currents and depths upto about 920m(Vagelli, 2005). Because of
its isolation, and the fact that Luwuk harbor was used by fish collectors
as a distribution center during the first years of the P. kauderni trade, the
Luwuk population has been proposed to be the result of an artificial
introduction, yet no direct evidence is available.