Income was also an expected predictor of differences in
ownership and use. When addressing the needs of college
students from diverse social strata, higher-education administrators
may look for ways to ‘‘level the playing field.’’
However, a review of the college success literature available
on ERIC and PsycINFO shows that the focus on areas of academic
deficiencies for college students from underrepresented
groups rarely addresses the role of technological skills
in assuring their success. Therefore, it is especially important
to create policies and practices that will benefit students who
may not even be ‘‘on the same field’’ as their peers, when
considering access to technology. For instance, universities
could subsidize the purchase of cell phones for students who
cannot afford them, through partnership programs with service
providers.