Extreme temperature and time conditions were studied for possible use in combination with PEF (Table 1). The lowest temperature tested (45 C) again showed the germination of spores after treatment. Indeed, treatment at 55 C showed a slight inactivation in spores, but only after 30 min. The best results were observed at 65 C and 75 C, with more than 6 log reductions after 60 min of treatment.