Complication of hemodialysis
Many fluid related and infactious complications can occur from HD . the most common complications include disequilibrium syndrome and viral infaction.
Dialysis disequilibrium syndrome may develop during hemodialysis or after hemodialysis has been completed. The cause is thought to be due to the rapid decrease in fluid volume and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels during hemodialysis . the change urea levels can cause cerebral edema and increased intracranial pressure. Neurologic symptoms can result. Assess for and document these symptoms because early recognition of the syndrome and treatment with anticonvulsants and barbiturates may prevent a life-threatening situation . the problem may be prevented by starting hemodialysis for short periods with low blood flows so that rapid changes in plasma composition are avoided.
Infactious transmitted by blood transfusion are a serious complication of long –term hemodialysis Two of the most serious blood-transmitted infactions are hepatitis and human immune deficiency virus HIV
Hepatitis infection B and C in patients with chronic kidney disease has decreased because the use of erythropoietin has reduced the need for blood transfusions to maintain red blood cell counts . Hepatitis is a problem because of contaminated needles or instruments, by entry of contaminated blood through open wounds in the skin or mucous membranes, or through transfusions with contaminated blood. Monitor all patient receiving hemodialysis for manifestations of hepatitis
HIV is a bloodborne and body fluid-borne virus that poses some risk for pateints undergoing hemodialysis . Fortunalety,the risks for HIV transmission are reduced by the consistent practice of