Consequently, we pursue two research objectives in this
study. First, we delineate the dimensions of the GMO and
empirically link them to firm performance in a path-flow
framework using strategic choice theory (e.g., Child 1972).
We investigate both direct and indirect effects (through
marketing-specific performance) of the GMO on firm performance.
Second, we test the proposed framework in a multicountry
setting (Norway, Sweden, and the United States) to
achieve a degree of cross-country validation. In the next section,
we describe the theoretical framework and the relevant
literature and develop our hypotheses. Then, we present our
methods and our empirical tests and discuss the results.