In China, straw resource is abundant with an annual production of six hundred million tons, accounting for about 30% of the world's total straw [14]. However, its utilization rate was below 33%. The main disposal method for straws in China is on-field incineration, and a small percentage of straws were utilized to produce paper, livestock feed, fertilizers [15], and rural energy [16]. In order to utilize straw materials more efficiently, its
biochemical and thermochemical conversion has since been proposed. Biogas production from straws via anaerobic digestion is one of the promising options. Compared with conventional aerobic composting processes, anaerobic processes need a lower operating energy input and a lower initial investment cost [17]. They are widely applied in Europe. Still, anaerobic digestion of straws alone has some shortcomings, such as nitrogen deficiency due to its high C/N ratio and long digestion time due to the low cellulose conversion rate. There have reports about adjusting the
C/N ratio of straws for higher biogas production, such as adding additional nitrogen source [18], aqueous ammonia treatment [14], and extrusion pretreatment [19].
In China, straw resource is abundant with an annual production of six hundred million tons, accounting for about 30% of the world's total straw [14]. However, its utilization rate was below 33%. The main disposal method for straws in China is on-field incineration, and a small percentage of straws were utilized to produce paper, livestock feed, fertilizers [15], and rural energy [16]. In order to utilize straw materials more efficiently, its
biochemical and thermochemical conversion has since been proposed. Biogas production from straws via anaerobic digestion is one of the promising options. Compared with conventional aerobic composting processes, anaerobic processes need a lower operating energy input and a lower initial investment cost [17]. They are widely applied in Europe. Still, anaerobic digestion of straws alone has some shortcomings, such as nitrogen deficiency due to its high C/N ratio and long digestion time due to the low cellulose conversion rate. There have reports about adjusting the
C/N ratio of straws for higher biogas production, such as adding additional nitrogen source [18], aqueous ammonia treatment [14], and extrusion pretreatment [19].
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