Force, posture, repetition and vibration exposures at work werecollected using a demographic questionnaire. The RULA worksheetwas used as a general template to record force, posture and repetitionexposures (McAtamney and Nigel Corlett, 1993). Sectionsrelating to the trunk were extracted from the RULA worksheet andscoring metrics were retained. Force was scored based on theweight of the load lifted, if it was static/intermittent and theaverage time; and ranged from 0 to 7. Possible posture scoresranged from 1 to 10 and took into account trunk angle, twisting/side bending, and the average time the posture was assumed.Repetition scores ranged from 1 to 7 and were obtained based onthe cycle time and duration of exposure. Exposure to whole bodyvibration was determined as being present (yes/no response escored 1 and 0) and the amount of time on the job that theparticipant was exposed (<2 h/day, 2e4 h/day, 4e8 h/day and>8 h/day e scored 1 through 4). A vibration score was determinedby adding the yes/no response score and the score for the amountof time exposed, and vibration scores ranged from 0 to 5. Due tohomogeneity of data, the factors were converted into categoricaldata. Forcewas divided into ‘low’ (scores 0e4) and ‘high’ (scores 5e7) categories, posture was converted to ‘close to neutral’ (scores 1e5) and ‘non-neutral’ (scores 6e10) categories, and repetition andvibration was converted into ‘yes’ or ‘no’ categories indicatingpresence or absence
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